Functionalized styrene polymers and copolymers

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a functionalized styrenic polymer or copolymer which contains functionalized stryene moiety having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R 1  is hydrogen, alkyl, primary and secondary halo alkyl groups, and R 2  is: ##STR2## where n is an integer of from 2 to about 10, R 3  is independently hydrogen or an alkyl group and X is NH, O or S. The novel copolymers of the present invention have particular utility in forming polymer blends. For example, the amine and alcohol functionalized polymers can be used as compatabilizers by reacting them with a carboxylic acid containing polymer or the like.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to functionalized copolymers of styrene and anisoolefin.

Background of the Invention

Styrene containing polymers, especially copolymers of para-alkylstyreneand an isoolefin having from about 4 to 7 carbon atoms, are well-knownin the art. Indeed, copolymers of para-alkylstyrene and isobutylene arelow Tg elastomers which possesses low air permeability, unique dampingproperties, excellent environmental aging resistance and low surfaceenergy which makes them particularly desirable in many applications.Unfortunately, these polymers also have low reactivity and poorcompatibility with most other polymers. Thus there is a need forfunctionalizing styrenic containing polymers and copolymers, especiallycopolymers of isoolefins and para-alkylstyrene, with more compatibleunits for blending.

It is an object of the present invention therefore to functionalizestyrene containing polymers with reactive groups which will permit thefunctionalized polymer to be co-reacted or compatabilized with otherpolymers by grafting techniques.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, the present invention provides a functionalized styrenicpolymer or copolymer which contains functionalized stryene moiety havingthe formula: ##STR3## wherein R₁ is hydrogen, alkyl, primary orsecondary halo alkyl groups, and R₂ is ##STR4## where n is an integer offrom 2 to 10, R₃ is independently hydrogen or an alkyl group of from 1to 10 carbon atoms and X is NH, O or S.

The novel copolymers of the present invention have particular utility informing polymer blends. For example, the amine and alcoholfunctionalized polymers can be used as compatabilizers by reacting themwith a carboxylic acid containing polymer or the like.

Detailed Description of the Invention

Polymers containing styrene units may be functionalized in accordancewith the process of the present invention. Particularly suitable styrenecontaining polymers for functionalization are copolymers of an isoolefinhaving from about 4 to 7 carbon atoms and a styrene or para-alkylstyrenemoiety represented by the formula ##STR5## wherein R₁, is a hydrogen,alkyl, primary or secondary haloalkyl which alkyl and haloalkyl groupshave from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. In the practice of thepresent invention, however, it is particularly preferred to use acopolymer of isobutylene and para-methyl styrene.

The foregoing polymers are functionalized by reacting the styrenecontaining polymer or copolymer with a compound having the formula##STR6## in the presence of a Lewis acid. In the foregoing formula, R₃is independently hydrogen or an alkyl group of from 1 to about 10 carbonatoms, A is NH, O, S and CO₃ and y is an integer of from 2 to 10.

In the case when A is NH, R₃ preferably is an alkyl group. A specificexample of such a compound is methylaziridine. In the case when A isCO₃, propylene carbonate is particularly suitable. When A is O, anepoxy, such as epoxybutane is suitable. Finally, ethylene sulfide isuseful when A is S.

Any Lewis acid catalyst can be used in preparing the functionalizedstyrene containing polymers; however, the preferred Lewis acid catalystsare based on metals such as boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, titanium,zirconium, tin, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. Especially preferred arethe halide containing compounds of the foregoing metals such as borontrifluoride, aluminum trichloride, aluminum dichloride and the like.

Typically, the functionaliztion will be carried out in the presence of ahydrocarbon diluent such as aliphatic hydrocarbons or in the presence ofa polar solvent such as nitrobenzene, methylene chloride, 1, 2dichloroethane and the like. It is particularly preferred in thepractice of the present invention to carry out the process in thepresence of a solvent.

The functionalization of the polymers typically is carried out attemperatures of from about -50° C. to about 100° C., for timessufficient to add the functional group, i.e., the alkyl amine or alkylalcohol, to the aromatic ring of the styrene containing polymer.

The ratio of aziridine, alkylene oxide, or alkylene carbonate to thestyrenic units in the styrene containing polymer can vary widely. Ingeneral, however, from about 0.01 to 10 mols of aziridine, alkyleneoxide or alkylene carbonate per 1 mols of styrenic moieties in thestyrene containing polymer will be employed.

The following examples illustrate the invention:

EXAMPLE 1

The copolymer of para-methylstyrene and isobutylene utilized in thisexample contained 7.5 wt. % paramethylstyrene. The copolymer had aMooney viscosity of 50. 3.00 g of copolymer was dissolved in 30 mldichloromethane in a three neck flask equipped with condenser, nitrogenbubblier and a dropping funnel. 0.5 g of methylaziridine was added toabove solution, followed by 0.22 grams of AlCl₃. The mixture was stirredat room temperature for 18 hours. The product was isolated by adding tothe solution 100 ml of 50:50 acetone/water mixture. The product waswashed with acetone and dried. The product contained 0.17% N and theinfrared spectra had an absorption peak at 3396 cm⁻¹ characteristic ofthe amine functionality.

EXAMPLE 2

The copolymer of isobutylene and para-methylstyrene utilized in thisexample contained 6.0 wt % paramethylstyrene. The copolymer had weightaverage molecular weight (Mw) of 5400 and a number average molecularweight (Mm) of 2000 with a polydispersity of 2.7.

2.10 g of copolymer was dissolved in a 30 ml of anhydrousdichloromethane in a three neck flask equipped with condenser, nitrogenbubblier and a dropping funnel. 1.0 g of 1,2-epoxybutane was added toabove solution, followed by 1.2 grams of AlCl₃. The solventdichloromethane was removed by nitrogen stripping and the product wasstirred with 100 ml 1N HCl for 1 hour to dissolve aluminum salt. Afterdecanting the liquid phase, the solid product was then washed withacetone and dried under vaccuum.

The FTIR of the product showed characteristic absorption at 3452 cm⁻¹for hydroxyl group.

What is claimed:
 1. A functionalized styrene polymer or copolymer whichcontains in the polymeric chain monomeric units of the formula: ##STR7##wherein R₁ is of alkyl or primary or secondary halo alkyl; R₂ is##STR8## wherein is an integer of from 2 to 10, R₃ is hydrogen or analkyl group, and X is NH, O or S.
 2. The functionalized polymer of claim1 wherein the styrene polymer is a copolymer of styrene and an isoolefinfrom about 4 to about 7 carbon atoms.
 3. The functionalized copolymer ofclaim 2 wherein the styrene polymer is a copolymer of para-alkylstyreneand an isoolefin having from about 4 to about 7 carbon atoms.
 4. Thepolymer of claim 3 wherein R₁ is methyl.
 5. The polymer of claim 3wherein X is NH.
 6. The polymer of claim 5 wherein R₃ is an alkyl groupof from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms.